1. Splunk Architecture and Processes

First, visit our official documents about Splunk Components and Splunk Process Phases, aks Pipelines and processors

And, for more about configurations for UF/Heavyweight Forwarders/Indexers/Search heads, please also visit "Where do I configure my Splunk settings?" in this community wiki.

2. 2. Topologies, Splunk Roles' and Splunk Process Phases